See lowen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "low"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "low"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "low"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to moo"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hlōwan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English hlōwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hlōwan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English hlōwan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hlōan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hlōan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hlōaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlōaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English hlōwan (strong class 7), from Proto-West Germanic *hlōan, from Proto-Germanic *hlōaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loweth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lowende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowed",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to lowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "loweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "loowen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "low",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "lowen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "low"
},
"expansion": "lowen (third-person singular simple present loweth, present participle lowende, lowynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle lowed)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "low",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 2 11 5 34 34 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 12 3 38 38 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 9 32 32 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 17 17 14 14 16",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "enm:Animal sounds",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 2 38 38 0 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 30 16 14 2 27",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Light",
"orig": "enm:Light",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Lows after calving a cow",
"roman": "Lhouth after calve cu",
"text": "c. 1250, Anonymous, \"Cuckoo Song\" (as printed in The Oxford Book of English Verse, 1900)",
"translation": "Lows after calving a cow",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To moo or low (of a cow or other bovine)"
],
"id": "en-lowen-enm-verb-mCWNzm1N",
"links": [
[
"moo",
"moo"
],
[
"low",
"low"
],
[
"cow",
"cow#English"
],
[
"bovine",
"bovine#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To moo or low (of a cow or other bovine)"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 17 17 14 14 16",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "enm:Animal sounds",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 30 16 14 2 27",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Light",
"orig": "enm:Light",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To moan or drone (of a human or trumpet)"
],
"id": "en-lowen-enm-verb-1Xvqw77E",
"links": [
[
"moan",
"moan"
],
[
"drone",
"drone"
],
[
"human",
"human#English"
],
[
"trumpet",
"trumpet#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, rare) To moan or drone (of a human or trumpet)"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔu̯ən/"
}
],
"word": "lowen"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "low"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "lowe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "low"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "lowe"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "low"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to burn"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "loga",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Old Norse loga",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "lowe",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "flame",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "flame"
},
"expansion": "lowe (“flame”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Either borrowed from Old Norse loga or formed anew from lowe (“flame”) + -en (infinitival suffix) in Middle English.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loweth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lowende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowed",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Midland",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"West"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to lowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "loweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "lowen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "low"
},
"expansion": "lowen (third-person singular simple present loweth, present participle lowende, lowynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle lowed)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "low",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 2 11 5 34 34 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 12 3 38 38 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 9 32 32 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 17 17 14 14 16",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "enm:Animal sounds",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 2 38 38 0 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 30 16 14 2 27",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Light",
"orig": "enm:Light",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 45 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "East Midland Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 43 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 45 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 45 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Midland Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To burn or blaze (literally or figuratively):",
"To glisten or glimmer."
],
"id": "en-lowen-enm-verb-ZnEAgdIK",
"links": [
[
"burn",
"burn"
],
[
"blaze",
"blaze"
],
[
"literally",
"literally#English"
],
[
"figuratively",
"figuratively#English"
],
[
"glisten",
"glisten"
],
[
"glimmer",
"glimmer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To burn or blaze (literally or figuratively):",
"To glisten or glimmer."
],
"tags": [
"East-Midlands",
"Northern",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 2 11 5 34 34 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 12 3 38 38 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 9 32 32 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 17 17 14 14 16",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "enm:Animal sounds",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 2 38 38 0 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 30 16 14 2 27",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Light",
"orig": "enm:Light",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 45 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "East Midland Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 43 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 45 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 45 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Midland Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To burn or blaze (literally or figuratively):",
"To be ardent or fervent."
],
"id": "en-lowen-enm-verb-JX17HXaC",
"links": [
[
"burn",
"burn"
],
[
"blaze",
"blaze"
],
[
"literally",
"literally#English"
],
[
"figuratively",
"figuratively#English"
],
[
"ardent",
"ardent"
],
[
"fervent",
"fervent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To burn or blaze (literally or figuratively):",
"To be ardent or fervent."
],
"tags": [
"East-Midlands",
"Northern",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 17 17 14 14 16",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "enm:Animal sounds",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 22 22 55 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fire",
"orig": "enm:Fire",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 43 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 45 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To agitate or incite."
],
"id": "en-lowen-enm-verb-I6jiajYM",
"links": [
[
"agitate",
"agitate"
],
[
"incite",
"incite"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, rare) To agitate or incite."
],
"tags": [
"East-Midlands",
"Northern",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔu̯ən/"
}
],
"word": "lowen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "lowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to love",
"word": "loven"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 17 17 14 14 16",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "enm:Animal sounds",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 30 16 14 2 27",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Light",
"orig": "enm:Light",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of loven (“to love”)"
],
"id": "en-lowen-enm-verb-TIFV94xA",
"links": [
[
"loven",
"loven#Middle_English:_to_love"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "lowen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Animal sounds",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Fire",
"enm:Light"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "low"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "low"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "low"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to moo"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hlōwan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English hlōwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hlōwan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English hlōwan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hlōan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hlōan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hlōaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlōaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English hlōwan (strong class 7), from Proto-West Germanic *hlōan, from Proto-Germanic *hlōaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loweth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lowende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowed",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to lowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "loweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "loowen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "low",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "lowen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "low"
},
"expansion": "lowen (third-person singular simple present loweth, present participle lowende, lowynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle lowed)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "low",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Lows after calving a cow",
"roman": "Lhouth after calve cu",
"text": "c. 1250, Anonymous, \"Cuckoo Song\" (as printed in The Oxford Book of English Verse, 1900)",
"translation": "Lows after calving a cow",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To moo or low (of a cow or other bovine)"
],
"links": [
[
"moo",
"moo"
],
[
"low",
"low"
],
[
"cow",
"cow#English"
],
[
"bovine",
"bovine#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To moo or low (of a cow or other bovine)"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To moan or drone (of a human or trumpet)"
],
"links": [
[
"moan",
"moan"
],
[
"drone",
"drone"
],
[
"human",
"human#English"
],
[
"trumpet",
"trumpet#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, rare) To moan or drone (of a human or trumpet)"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔu̯ən/"
}
],
"word": "lowen"
}
{
"categories": [
"East Midland Middle English",
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Northern Middle English",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"West Midland Middle English",
"enm:Animal sounds",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Fire",
"enm:Light"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "low"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "lowe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "low"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "lowe"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "low"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to burn"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "loga",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Old Norse loga",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "lowe",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "flame",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "flame"
},
"expansion": "lowe (“flame”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Either borrowed from Old Norse loga or formed anew from lowe (“flame”) + -en (infinitival suffix) in Middle English.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loweth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lowende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowed",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Midland",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"West"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to lowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "loweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "lowen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "low"
},
"expansion": "lowen (third-person singular simple present loweth, present participle lowende, lowynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle lowed)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "low",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To burn or blaze (literally or figuratively):",
"To glisten or glimmer."
],
"links": [
[
"burn",
"burn"
],
[
"blaze",
"blaze"
],
[
"literally",
"literally#English"
],
[
"figuratively",
"figuratively#English"
],
[
"glisten",
"glisten"
],
[
"glimmer",
"glimmer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To burn or blaze (literally or figuratively):",
"To glisten or glimmer."
],
"tags": [
"East-Midlands",
"Northern",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To burn or blaze (literally or figuratively):",
"To be ardent or fervent."
],
"links": [
[
"burn",
"burn"
],
[
"blaze",
"blaze"
],
[
"literally",
"literally#English"
],
[
"figuratively",
"figuratively#English"
],
[
"ardent",
"ardent"
],
[
"fervent",
"fervent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To burn or blaze (literally or figuratively):",
"To be ardent or fervent."
],
"tags": [
"East-Midlands",
"Northern",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To agitate or incite."
],
"links": [
[
"agitate",
"agitate"
],
[
"incite",
"incite"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, rare) To agitate or incite."
],
"tags": [
"East-Midlands",
"Northern",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔu̯ən/"
}
],
"word": "lowen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Animal sounds",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Fire",
"enm:Light"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "lowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to love",
"word": "loven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of loven (“to love”)"
],
"links": [
[
"loven",
"loven#Middle_English:_to_love"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "lowen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lowen meaning in Middle English (12.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.